THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK

Rigorous analysis of eyewitness and contemporary sources. Concludes that the “Cry of Pugad Lawin” is an invented story, then reconstructs the events in Balintawak when Andres Bonifacio’s Katipuneros assembled in Pook Kangkong from 22 to 26 August 1896. Resolves the questions of where and when cedulas were torn, and when and where the initial engagement between the Katipuneros and the Spanish troops took place.

• Soledad Borromeo‑Buehler, Author