This groundbreaking, interdisciplinary study reassesses South Korea’s tumultuous era of authoritarian development (1950–1980) through previously obscured yet illuminating histories of queerness—defined as gender variance, atypical anatomies, and same-sex sexuality, among other nonnormative expressions. Instead of primarily viewing these histories through minoritarian or liberal lenses, Todd A. Henry adopts universalizing and provincializing approaches to examine how societal conformity to dimorphic expectations of gender, sex, and sexuality was foundational to the operation of militarized capitalism in this postcolonial and still-divided nation, thus revealing how biopolitical assessments of citizenship produced rigid boundaries and hierarchized valuations of human life. As such, he urges researchers of Korean Studies to pursue more fully embodied methodologies, also encouraging practitioners of LGBTI Studies to include “Hot War” and non-Western cultures in their Euro-American-centric theorizing.

Drawing on a broad range of understudied sources—including scientific case reports, journalistic exposés, question-and-answer columns, newspaper cartoons, popular films, and oral histories—Profits of Queerness meticulously documents how the commanding but contested intersection of mass media, sexual medicine, and everyday policing reestablished such categorical distinctions as “men” versus “women” and “healthy” versus “deviant,” among other binaries. In particular, Henry argues that sensationalizing reporters, pathologizing doctors, surveilling officers, and everyday vigilantes consolidated a “mass dictatorship” characterized by androcentric, heteropatriarchal, and capitalist goals—aims regularly concealed by triumphalist narratives of the country’s “miraculous” recovery from the Korean War (1950–1953) and its industrialized “take-off” under the developmental dictatorship of Park Chung Hee (1961–1979). To highlight the agency of queer and intersex persons silenced in these accounts, he deploys the bottom-up notion of “shadow reading,” tracing how marginalized actors transformed pejorative depictions, diagnoses, and rulings into empowering practices on the fringes of an illiberal polity. Ultimately, Henry shows how a contradictory mixture of “queerphobia” and “queerphilia” intersected as a core dynamic of South Korean “hetero-authoritarianism.” More broadly, he posits these critical concepts as necessary to both understand and challenge new and ongoing forms of psychosomatic domination (re)emerging across the world today.

• Todd A. Henry, Author

  Todd A. Henry is associate professor of history at the University of California, San Diego.

• This is a delightful contribution to modern Korean history and culture. Zooming in on the intimate lives and precarious political experience of non-heterosexual citizens of post-Korean War, Cold War-era South Korea, it uncovers a whole new terrain of historical research while offering numerous original insights into the country's formative era. The author demonstrates an in-depth knowledge of the existing queer studies literature and nicely places key issues discussed in these studies in critical dialog with those of economic and political history. Particularly notable is the creative use of diverse and often hitherto unknown archival sources. The result is a well-written, gripping account of the modern South Korean state and society in the making seen from the shadows of the state-building process.
  —Heonik Kwon, Cambridge University
• Todd Henry has crafted a highly insightful and well-researched queer history of South Korea from 1950 to 1980. His study is outstanding, offering a meticulous analysis of the infrastructure of homophobia in post-Korean War society while simultaneously highlighting the resilience and defiance of queer communities. By drawing on understudied resources, such as entertainment weeklies, local newspapers, and films, Profits of Queerness illuminates the complex meaning-making process of intersexuality, gender non-conformity, and same-sex sexuality in South Korea. The author’s ability to balance theoretical depth with rich, narrative storytelling enables unprecedented criticism of the “hetero-authoritarianism” deeply embedded in medical professionalization and police surveillance. Henry convincingly argues that South Korea’s path to modernity has been inextricably intertwined with this “hetero-authoritarianism.”
  —Soyoung Suh, Dartmouth College